What caused the Iranian Revolution of 1979?

Iran's 20th century was a tumultuous one; three separate revolutions brought radical changes to the country. It began the century as a feudal absolute monarchy, and ended it as the world's only theocratic republic. In many ways, Iranian society was modernized, but in others, it regressed to an age before the enlightenment. The revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini had valid critiques of Iran's autocratic Shah, and it was his faith that in large part mobilized revolutionaries, but that same zealotry stopped Iran from becoming a true democracy post-1979.

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