TBMs are irreplaceable. They allow tunneling under densely populated areas without disturbing residents. They are also faster and cheaper than other alternatives. In this video, I talk about how tunnel boring machines work, why Elon Musk's The Boring Company uses them, and the history of these machines.

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Thumbnail image attribution:
Tambo at Hungarian Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons