Why do some people believe in conspiracy theories? Can you change their minds?

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The Earth is flat. We never landed on the moon. Tupac is alive and well, living in Cuba and still releasing music to this day. Conspiracy theories are all over the internet. Why do some people believe in conspiracy theories, and can you change the mind of someone who believes in one?

Conspiracy theories are nothing new, but with the internet and the rise of social media, conspiracy theories are getting in front of a lot of eyeballs. After the Sandy Hook school shooting in late 2012, a term that started on underground blogs went mainstream -- CRISIS ACTORS. Conspiracy theorists like Alex Jones started pushing a narrative that the school shooting never happened, and that that the victims weren’t students but instead were paid actors.

Sometimes, conspiracy theories can spill out into the real world and do actual damage -- like when a man armed with a rifle entered a Washington DC-area pizzeria, convinced that the restaurant was involved in a sex trafficking operation masterminded by Hillary Clinton. He didn’t find anything but a bunch of now-freaked-out people eating pizza.

But have you ever sat down and tried to argue with someone who believes in a conspiracy theory? Can you change a conspiracy theorist’s mind?

**What is a conspiracy theory?
A conspiracy theory is a belief that an organization is working in secret to achieve some sinister goal.

**Are conspiracy theories always false?
Not always. They usually are false, but they can be true. For example, back in the 1950’s and 60’s, there was a conspiracy theory claiming that the CIA was using U.S. citizens to conduct secret mind control experiments. Surprisingly, that theory turned out to be true. The project was called MK Ultra, and it was indeed an experiment run by the CIA. Congressional testimony in the late 1970’s showed that it was real and did, in fact, happen.

**What is illusory pattern perception?
Illusory pattern perception is when your brain perceives a pattern when one doesn’t actually exist. Humans are primed to see patterns, so this actually happens more often than you probably realize.

SOURCES:
Survey of conspiracy theory beliefs in the U.S.
https://www.publicpolicypolling.com/w...

Project MK Ultra congressional testimony
https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/rp3h/...

The psychology of conspiracy theories
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/1...

Illusory pattern perception predicts belief in conspiracies and the supernatural
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/e...

Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c44...

Stress doesn’t cause ulcers
http://www.slate.com/blogs/thewrongst...

Australian pair wins Nobel prize for stomach ulcer research
https://www.theguardian.com/education...

TEACHERS: Get your students in the discussion on KQED Learn, a safe place for middle and high school students to investigate controversial topics and share their voices. https://learn.kqed.org/discussions/

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CHAPTERS
0:00 Conspiracy Theories Gone Viral
1:43 A Brief History Of Conspiracy Theories
2:38 The Research On Conspiracy Theories
4:10 How Do Argue With Conspiracy Theories?
5:10 Is The Conspiracy Theory Falsifiable?
7:11 Bill Nye!!