The Celts were the dominant culture in England for many centuries from about 900 BC until 43 AD but who were there before them. Who built Stonehenge and the other Neolithic sites in Britain? And how did the Celts influence the English language. New research and DNA evidence tells us more than we knew even a few years ago. The answer is that they had a massive influence on English. In this video we see how.

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00:00 Who were the native Britons?
00:52 A word about sources
01:13 Pre-Celtic history of Britain
02:05 The first inhabitants
03:05 Mesolithic period
03:39 The Neolithic period
05:26 The Bell Beakers
07:47 The Celts arrive
09:16 The Roman Rule
11:42 The Anglo-Saxons and the Celts
13:56 Celtic vocabulary in English
21:09 The "meaningless DO"
26:38 1000 years to adopt DO. Why?
27:37 The present continuous

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CREDITS
Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue: The Untold History of English by John McWhorter
Amazon affiliate link
https://amzn.to/3rug407

The History of English Podcast
https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/
Kevin Stroud

Verduria.org
https://www.verduria.org/viewtopic.ph...

The development of the Periphrastic Do by RÜDIGER ZILM
https://www.grin.com/document/95594

Many thanks to Bill Hicks for the Welsh recordings.

Pytheas
Par Rvalette — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

DOGGERLAND
By Max Naylor - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

ANATOLIA
De Svenurban - Trabajo propio, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

STONEHENGE
By garethwiscombe - https://www.flickr.com/photos/garethw..., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

BELL BEAKER
By Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, Leiden - Edited version of this image: File:Bell Beaker Rijksmuseum of Oudheden 136.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

BRONZE AGE TOOLS
Zde, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... via Wikimedia Commons

PONTIC CASPIAN STEPPE
By Terpsichores - Own work Source :background : Natural Earth II (public domain) by Tom Patterson, US National Park Servicenational borders : File:NED worldmap 110m.svg by Gringerecoregion shape : File:Western palearctic biomes.svg by Terpsichores, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

THE CELTS
By QuartierLatin1968, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

MAKING CRUMPETS by Kevin T Quinn via Flickr