In the late medieval era, Indian empires went through both a military and sociopolitical transformation thanks to the introduction of gunpowder technology (firearms and cannons). Gunpowder weapons led to centralization and innovation. It also created "big" winners and losers -- those who were willing to adapt, and those who were not.

In this video, we'll also be examining the introduction of gunpowder technology to India through the lens of the Vijayanagar Empire (and partly the Mughal Empire). Enjoy!

References include:

"Warfare on the Deccan Plateau, 1450-1600" by Richard Eaton
"'Kiss My Foot,' Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy, and the Battle for Raichur" by Richard Eaton
"Gunpowder and Empire: the Indian Case" by Iqtidar Alam Khan
"General President's Address: Indian Response to Firearms, 1300-1750" by Iqtidar Alam Khan