For an introductory college-level physical geology class: a review of how groundwater contributes to freshwater supplies, how it moves through aquifers, and how it is impacted by the permeability and porosity of the ground. We also discuss what happens when wells are drilled into aquifers of varying kinds and the results of over pumping of water. We end with a comparison with oil and gas migration. In particular, we review the consequences of porosity and permeability of under-surface rocks on oil and gas reservoirs, including a brief review of hydraulic fracturing or "fracking."

Content within is based on information available in any standard introductory college geology textbook, such as Essentials of Geology -- Tarbuck and Lutgens -- Pearson Publishing.

**This video comes near the end of the semester, so there may be terms with which the audience is unfamiliar. For a full playlist, refer to the Geology playlist on the Earth Rocks! YouTube Channel.

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