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In this excerpt, Dr. Andrew Willard Jones shows how the decline of Christianity led to a return to a pagan conception of the nation. The kaiser Otto von Bismarck was able to unify all of Germany and use new methods of national power: mandatory schooling, standing military, and mass politics. At the First Vatican council, the Church responds to these massive societal changes.

Timestamps:
0:00 newpolity.com/courses
1:42 Industrial Society and Socialism
2:40 Kulturkampf
3:50 Nationalism as New Paganism
5:28 Decline of Papal States
6:20 Spectrum of Political Ideology
7:18 Political Extremism
8:18 The First Vatican Council
10:30 Reason and Faith
12:00 Faith as Remedy to Sin