A ratio shows the relative values of two or more objects. A punctuation mark colon (:) or the word "to" is used to separate the values. A ratio can be expressed as a fraction, which can be further converted to a decimal or a percentage. A ratio should always be in its simplest form (no common factors). The values in a ratio should always be integers if possible.

A ratio can be scaled up/down by multiplying/dividing the ratio numbers by the same value. This process is called scaling, and the value used for scaling is called the scale factor.

There are two types of ratio:
- Part-to-part (comparing one part to another)
- Part-to-whole (comparing one part to the whole)

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