🦊 In this GCSE Biology video, we explain that the nucleus of a cell houses chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. DNA is described as a double helix polymer made of two strands that contain genes coding for sequences of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Each gene on a chromosome, such as gene A and gene B in the video's diagrams, specifies a unique sequence that determines the structure and function of a protein. This fundamental concept highlights how genetic information is translated into physical traits through protein synthesis.

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