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In this example, we’re given the functions f(x) = 3x – 2 (read as “f of x equals…”) and g(x) = root x, and we’re asked to find the composite functions f(g(9)) (read as “f of g of 9”) and g(f(9). To find f(g(9)), we first find g(9). Since g(x) = root x, we can find g(9) by substituting a 9 in for the x in the function, to get g(9) = root 9, and the square root of 9 is 3, so g(9) = 3. Now, since g(9) = 3, f(g(9)) is the same thing as f(3), so our next step is to find f(3). And remember that f(x) = 3x – 2, so to find f(3), we substitute a 3 in for the x in the function, and we have f(3) = 3 times 3 minus 2. Notice that I always use parentheses when substituting a value into a function, in this case 3. Finally, 3 times 3 minus 2 simplifies to 9 minus 2, or 7, so f(3) = 7. Therefore, f(g(9)) = 7.

Next, to find g(f(9), we first find f(9). Since f(x) = 3x - 2, we find f(9) by substituting a 9 in for the x in the function, to get f(9) = 3 times 9 minus 2, which simplifies to 27 – 2, or 25, so f(9) = 25. Now, since f(9) = 25, g(f(9)) is the same thing as g(25), so our next step is to find g(25). And remember that g(x) = root x, so to find g(25), we substitute a 25 in for the x in the function, to get g(25) = root 25. Finally, the square root of 25 is 5, so g(25) = 5. Therefore, g(f(9)) = 5. It’s important to recognize that