Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 One Shot
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In chemistry, acids, bases, and salts are three fundamental types of substances with distinct properties and behaviors.

1. Acids:
- Acids are substances that can donate a proton (H+) to another substance.
- They are characterized by their ability to increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
- Acids often have a sour taste and can turn blue litmus paper red.
- Common examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and citric acid (found in citrus fruits).

2. Bases:
- Bases are substances that can accept a proton (H+) or, alternatively, donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.
- They are characterized by their ability to increase the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution.
- Bases often have a bitter taste and a slippery feel.
- Common examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH3).

3. Salts:
- Salts are compounds formed by the reaction between an acid and a base. This reaction is known as neutralization.
- In a salt, the hydrogen ion of the acid is replaced by a metal ion (from the base) or another positive ion.
- Salts are usually composed of positive and negative ions that are held together by ionic bonds.
- Common examples include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium nitrate (KNO3), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

The pH scale is often used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution. A pH value less than 7 indicates acidity, a pH value of 7 is neutral, and a pH value greater than 7 indicates alkalinity (basicity). Acids have a pH less than 7, bases have a pH greater than 7, and salts can have a pH close to 7, depending on the ions involved in their formation.

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