Does the Piri Reis Map show evidence of the knowledge of Antarctica before it was discovered? Is Charles Hapgood, author of Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings correct that this medieval map indicates the existence of a lost civilization before the last ice age? This video looks into these questions.

After viewing, come back to the notes here for further information.

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► REFERENCES
More on Piri Reis:
https://www.fikriyat.com/galeri/tarih...
https://www.pirireis.edu.tr/genius-sa...

More on the Piri Reis Map:
https://web.archive.org/web/201107160...
https://www.diegocuoghi.com/Piri_Reis...

Translation of the notes on the Piri Reis Map:
http://turkeyinmaps.com/piri.html#I.

On Portolan charts:
https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/...

On the past climate of Antarctica:
https://news.yale.edu/2014/04/21/toda...
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/19651...

Professor Miano's handy guide for learning, "How to Know Stuff," is available here:
https://www.amazon.com/How-Know-Stuff...

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