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Piling Process | Pile Foundation | Deep Foundation | Pile Steel & Concreting steps

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About This Video
In this video Er. Mayank Saini, Corporate Trainer will discuss about
Foundations provide support to the structure, transfers the loads from the structure to the soil. But the layer at which the foundation transfers the load shall have an adequate bearing capacity and suitable settlement characteristics. There are several types of foundation depending on various considerations such as-

Total load from the superstructure.
Soil conditions.
Water level.
Noise and vibrations sensitivity.
Available resources.
Time-frame of the project.
Cost.
Broadly speaking, foundations can be classified as shallow foundations and deep foundations. Shallow footings are usually used when the bearing capacity of the surface soil is adequate to carry the loads imposed by a structure. On the other hand, deep foundations are usually used when the bearing capacity of the surface soil is not sufficient to carry the loads imposed by a structure. So, the loads have to be transferred to a deeper level where the soil layer has a higher bearing capacity.

What is Pile Foundation?
Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is actually a slender column or long cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel which are used to support the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either by end bearing or skin friction.
Pile foundations are deep foundations. They are formed by long, slender, columnar elements typically made from steel or reinforced concrete, or sometimes timber. A foundation is described as 'piled' when its depth is more than three times its breadth.
Pile foundations are usually used for large structures and in situations where the soil at shallow depth is not suitable to resist excessive settlement, resist uplift, etc.

When to Use Pile Foundation
Following are the situations when using a pile foundation system can be

When the groundwater table is high.
Heavy and un-uniform loads from superstructure are imposed.
Other types of foundations are costlier or not feasible.
When the soil at shallow depth is compressible.
When there is the possibility of scouring, due to its location near the river bed or seashore, etc.
When there is a canal or deep drainage systems near the structure.
When soil excavation is not possible up to the desired depth due to poor soil condition.
When it becomes impossible to keep the foundation trenches dry by pumping or by any other measure due to heavy inflow of seepage.
Types of Pile Foundation
Pile foundations can be classified based on function, materials and installation process, etc. Followings are the types of pile foundation used in construction:
Based on Function or Use
Sheet Piles
Load Bearing Piles
End bearing Piles
Friction Piles
Soil Compactor Piles
Based on Materials and Construction Method
Timber Piles
Concrete Piles
Steel Piles
Composite Piles
The following diagram is representing pile foundation types discussed above.
Steel piles may be of I-section or hollow pipe. They are filled with concrete. The size may vary from 10 inches to 24 inches in diameter and thickness is usually ¾ inches. Because of the small sectional area, the piles are easy to drive. They are mostly used as end-bearing piles.

Advantages of Steel Piles

They are easy to install.
They can reach a greater depth comparing to any other type of pile.
Can penetrate through the hard layer of soil due to the less cross-sectional area.
It is easy to splice steel piles
Can carry heavy loads.
Disadvantage of Steel Piles

Prone to corrosion.
Has a possibility of deviating while driving.
Comparatively expensive.
Steel piles may be of I-section or hollow pipe. They are filled with concrete. The size may vary from 10 inches to 24 inches in diameter and thickness is usually ¾ inches. Because of the small sectional area, the piles are easy to drive. They are mostly used as end-bearing piles.

Advantages of Steel Piles

They are easy to install.
They can reach a greater depth comparing to any other type of pile.
Can penetrate through the hard layer of soil due to the less cross-sectional area.
It is easy to splice steel piles
Can carry heavy loads.
Disadvantage of Steel Piles

Prone to corrosion.