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Endogenous depression, depressive syndrome - 1995
Depression is a mental disorder manifested by a persistent decrease in mood, motor retardation and impaired thinking. The cause of development may be psychotraumatic situations, somatic diseases, substance abuse, metabolic disorders in the brain or lack of bright light (seasonal depression). The disorder is accompanied by a decrease in self-esteem, social maladaptation, loss of interest in usual activities, one’s own life and surrounding events. The diagnosis is established on the basis of complaints, medical history, results of special tests and additional studies. Treatment – pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy.
Classification of depression
The DSM-4 identifies the following types of depressive disorders:
Clinical (major) depression - accompanied by a persistent decrease in mood, fatigue, loss of energy, loss of previous interests, inability to have pleasure, sleep and appetite disturbances, a pessimistic perception of the present and future, ideas of guilt, suicidal thoughts, intentions or actions. Symptoms persist for two or more weeks.
Minor depression – the clinical picture is not entirely consistent with major depressive disorder, with two or more symptoms of major affective disorder persisting for two or more weeks.
Atypical depression - typical manifestations of depression are combined with drowsiness, increased appetite and emotional reactivity.
Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that occurs after childbirth.
Recurrent depression – symptoms of the disorder appear approximately once a month and persist for several days.
Dysthymia is a persistent, moderate decrease in mood that does not reach the intensity characteristic of clinical depression. Lasts for two or more years. Some patients periodically experience major depression due to dysthymia.
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