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Within the Bible, the suffering servant in Isaiah 53 is one of its most prominent mysteries. The identity of this servant has received a great amount of attention over the last 2400 years. Since the author of second Isaiah put it into writing, the identity of the servant has been hotly debated. Was the servant a messiah or not? Was the servant to be interpreted as an individual or as a community? Was the servant only meant to represent a small group of people? Why was the servant anonymous? All these questions and more have plagued the minds of scholars for generations. While people already had their own interpretations of the servant, much of the scholarly discussions surrounding the topic have revolved around answering the question: who is the suffering servant? This seems like an insurmountable task at this point in time. However, I believe that by discussing the motifs and the evolution of thought regarding the subject, we can get closer to the answer. In today’s video, I will attempt to answer the question: Who is the suffering servant?

Sources:
Bernd Janowski, Peter Stuhlmacher – The Suffering Servant
Amy-Jill Levine, Marc Zvi Brettler – The Bible with and without Jesus
James D. G. Dunn – Christianity in the Making (Volume 1)
Klaus Baltzer – Deutero-Isaiah (Hermeneia)
L. Michael White – Scripting Jesus
Robert Alter – The Hebrew Bible
Jonathan Goldstein – 2 Maccabees (Anchor Bible)
Robert Doran – 2 Maccabees (Hermeneia)
David Winston – The Wisdom of Solomon (Anchor Bible)
Hans Walter Wolff – Hosea (Hermeneia)
New Interpreter’s Bible Old Testament Survey
Steve Moyise, Maarten J. Menken – Isaiah in the New Testament
Claus Westermann – Isaiah 40-66 (OTL)
George Nickelsburg, James VanderKam – 1 Enoch 2 (Hermeneia)
JoAnna Hoyt – Amos, Jonah, & Micah
W. M. W. Roth – The Anonymity of the Suffering Servant
J. Philip Hyatt – The Sources of the Suffering Servant Idea

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