Take the Real Engineering X Brilliant Course and get 20% off your an annual subscription: https://brilliant.org/realengineering

Watch this video ad free on Nebula: https://nebula.tv/videos/realengineer...

Links to everything I do:
https://beacons.ai/brianmcmanus

Get your Real Engineering shirts at: https://standard.tv/collections/real-...

Credits:
Writer/Narrator: Brian McManus
Writer: Josi Gold
Editor: Dylan Hennessy
Animator: Mike Ridolfi
Animator: Eli Prenten
Sound: Graham Haerther
Thumbnail: Simon Buckmaster

References
[1] https://www.resolve.ngo/docs/mar_tech...
[2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s4301...
[3] https://www.khanacademy.org/humanitie...

[4] https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/...

[5] https://www.isa.org.jm/exploration-co...
[6] https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research...

[7] https://www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
[8] https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/15...
[9] https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/11/10/...
[10] https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349889/
[11] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/...

[12] http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth...

[13] https://www.nature.com/articles/s4324...
[14] https://www.discol.de/home
[15] https://www.nature.com/articles/s4159...
[16] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...

[17] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...


Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Thank you to AP Archive for access to their archival footage.

Music by Epidemic Sound: http://epidemicsound.com/creator


Thank you to my patreon supporters: Adam Flohr, Henning Basma, Hank Green, William Leu, Tristan Edwards, Ian Dundore, John & Becki Johnston. Nevin Spoljaric, Jason Clark, Thomas Barth, Johnny MacDonald, Stephen Foland, Alfred Holzheu, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Binghaith, Brent Higgins, Dexter Appleberry, Alex Pavek, Marko Hirsch, Mikkel Johansen, Hibiyi Mori. Viktor Józsa, Ron Hochsprung