A complete and thorough explanation on how four wheel drive (4WD) 4x4 systems work. This video will look into depth on how part time and full time four wheel drive systems work, operate, what to expect and when to use it. It will cover in depth the following:

0:00 - Intro to Four Wheel Driving
0:39 - Drivetrain Fundamentals
1:58 - Open Differentials
2:22 - Transfer Case Function
2:44 - Part Time 4WD
3:01 - Full Time 4WD and Centre Differential Lock
3:18 - 2H (Two Wheel Drive - High Range) Explained
4:01 - 2H and Open Differential Problem Demonstrated
4:16 - Rear Differential Lock
5:15 - 2H Off Road Demonstration
5:27 - 4H (Four Wheel Drive - High Range) Explained
5:53 - Wind-Up Phenomenon Explained
7:00 - Centre Differential Function in Full Time 4WD
8:19 - The Diagonal Effect Explained and Demonstrated
9:08 - 4H Off Road Demonstration
9:18 - 4L (Four Wheel Drive - Low Range) Explained
10:54 - 4L Advantages
11:24 - Crawl Ratio Explained
12:37 - 4L Off Road Demonstration
12:52 - Free Wheeling and Permanent Locked Hubs Explained
14:03 - Overcoming the Open Differential Problem
14:21 - True 4WD (Locked Differentials) Explained
14:45 - Limited Slip Differentials (LSD) Explained
15:19 - Brake Traction Control (BTC) Explained
16:08 - BTC Demonstration
16:17 - Conclusion

*Please note: In this video I have incorrectly mentioned that Torque is distributed/split based on wheel resistance. In reality, in an open differential Torque is split evenly 50%-50% to each axle regardless of wheel resistance. However, Power is split based on wheel resistance in an open differential, not Torque. Power = Torque x Angular Velocity. Therefore, in an open differential, if a wheel is in the air and freely spinning, the other wheel which isn't rotating isn't transmitting any Power (as Angular Velocity = 0, but Torque is still present).

Please refer to Part 2 video 'Open and Locked Differentials Power and Torque Transfer':    • How 4WD Works Part 2 - Open vs. Locke...  

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